Kiranti Kings

                              The Kirantas settled in different places of Nepal, especially in the eastern Himalayas in the seventh century B.C. They were brave. They attacked Kathmandu during the reign of King Bhuwan Singh and defeated him. They founded the Kiranti rule in the Kathmandu Valley. Yalambar was the first Kiranti King. The seventh Kiranti King, Jitedasit and the fourteenth King, Sthunko were very famous. During the rule of Jitedasti, Gautam Buddha Visited Nepal. During the rule of Sthunko, Indian Emperor Ashok visited Kathmandu.

                        About 32 kings of Kirant dynasty continued their rule in the balley. During that period, Nepal made great progress. Trade and industry developed. Wool, wood and herbs were sent from Nepal to other countries. Nepali blandets were very famous in pataliputra (patina). Kautily, an Indian economist, has written this. The laws were very strict. There were justice courts in the country. The kirantas worshipped kiranteshwar Mahadev, serpents and trees. They made stupas and chaityas. They had their own culture. They made several settlements like matatirtha, Shankhmul, Thankot, Khopung, Kurpasi, Sanga, Tenkhu etc. these settlements still exist with a little change in their names.

Lichchhavi kings

After the downfall of the Kiranti rule, Som dynasty came into power. Only five kings of this dynasty ruled over Nepal. Bhaskerverma was the last king. After that, Lichchhavi rule began in Nepal. The Lichchhavis had come to Nepal from india.

Other Organizations

 In addition to the above mentioned organizations, there are several other types of organizations. Important among them are the Association for the Blind welfare, Association for Leprosy, Nepal Children Organization, Bal Mender, Association for the Old, Social Welfare Centre, Maiti Nepal etc. they are doing services to the people.

In order to bring uniformity in the activities in these organizations, a social welfare board has been established at the centre. It provides advice, co-ordination, economic and technological help to the organizations involved in social welfare. It was established in 2034 B.S. Its headquarters lies at Lainchaur in Kathmandu.

Nepal Red Cross Society

Red Cross Society is an international organization for human welfare. The founder of this organization was Henry Jean Dunant of Switzerland. He founded this organization to help the wounded soldiers in the war. The tragic deaths of the war wounded soldiers shocked him greatly and so he established this organization in 1863. This organization has spread in 165 countries of the world including Nepal. Here it was established in 2020 B.S. Since then it has been providing its services to distressed people. Red Cross Society serves in the places where wars, natural calamities and refugee problems occur.

Nepal Red Cross Society provides relief measures to the people. It becomes very active during the period of flood, earthquake, epidemic disease, fire, etc. it distributes medicines, milk, blankets and clothes. It has started Blood Bank Centre’s and ambulance services. It conducts blood donation programmes.

Nepal Red Cross Society has started several other programmes. It provides maternal and child welfare services, health education, drinking water and nutritious food. It teaches how to manage the family efficiently.

S.O.S Children Village

S.O.S Children Village is a social organization funded by an Austrian professor, Dr. Hermann Gmeiner in 1949 A. D. Currently, 124 countries have this organization in their countries. In Nepal , it was first established at Sano Thimi, Bhaktapur in 2028 B.S.

S.O.S. means “Save Our Soul.” It is for the children who are helpless, homeless and orphans. They have the right to survive, red and write, be great and get honourable occupations in life. “Save Our Soul” is the voice of such children and to give the concrete form, S.O.S. children village has been founded.

This organization provides education, food and shelter for the orphans and poor children. The speciality of this villages is that children find family atmosphere here. This       atmosphere removes from their mind the idea that they are destitute and can do nothing in life. They are encouraged so that they can be capable citizens of the country. The main aim of this organization is to give parental love, affection and security to the children who have no parents and no one to love them. So the children are brought up and educated with affection.

               There are 6 S.O.S Children Villages in Nepal. Besides the Villages, this organization has been running some programmes in nine places. Schools, training and other social centre’s are being conducted under these programmes. Many people are being benefitted in several ways.

Khagendra Nawajiwan Kenddra

 This social organization was established by Khagendra Bahadur Basnet at Jorpati in Kathmandu in 2026 B.S. It conducts various skill development programmes for the disabled people. they learn here weaving, tailoring and bamboo works like making baskets, winnowing trays, mats etc. The aim of these skills is to enable the disabled people to earn their living themselves. There is a school up to grade eight for the disabled persons They receive education as well as stipends here.

Paropakar Kendra

Paropakar Kendra means the place where acts of benevolence are done. This wrganixation was founded by Dayabir Singh Kansakar at Bhimsensthan in Kathmandu in 2oo7 B.S., the field of activities became wider. It set up an orphange with a school and a hostel. Now orphans live and study there. An ambulance service has also been started and patients are rushed to the hospital for treatment. This organization was the first in Nepal to start blood donation Programme with the slogan "Blood donation is life donation." Even now, it conducts the blood donation progrannes on different occasions. Besides, when a natural calamity occurs or when required, it distributes medicines. During festivals , it provides various kind of services to the people.
This organization has set up a maternity hospital at Thapathali in Kathmandu. This hospital is known as Prasuti Grih. Here treatment is given to the women in delivering children.

Nepal Scouts

The scout is an international organization. The main objective of the scout is to learn and work through self-reliance and discipline for public service. The duty of the scout is to serve humanity. His slogan is “Be prepared to serve mankind. All the people of the world are our family members.” The members of the scout were developed by Lord Baden Powel, a British citizen. He established the scout organization in 1907. In a very short period the activities of the scout spread all over the world Nepal Scout was set up in 2009 B.S. Its headquarters lies at Lainchour in Kathmandu. Scout activities have been extended in all the 75 districts of Nepal. Both boys and girls are its members. Most of the schools and colleges have scouts. Boys wear gray coloured khaki pants and shirt and a scarf of yellow colour round their neck. Girls wear green skirts and a yellow scarf.

The scout is a service oriented social organization. It gives its service and help to people especially when natural disasters like fire, earthquake, storm or accidents take place. It provides services at various festivals, fairs and social and religious functions. On these occasions, the scouts guide people, make comfortable arrangements for the visitors, make water available to them and try to control the crowd. If people are injured, the scouts gibe them first-aid service. They carry the seriously wounded people to the hospital. In this way, the scout is dedicated to the service of human beings.

Our Social Organizations

 In the previous lesson, we read about the duties of the citizens. We read that as citizens, we should work for the welfare of the people in society. There have been many benevolent people who have done a lot for the helpless, sick, cripples and old people. They have worked for the good of the orphans. We can find such kind people in Nepal as well as in other countries of the world in this lesson we will read about the social organizations founded by benevolent people.

1

Right to Equality

Another right that our constitution has given us is the Right to Equality. This right is explained in the following way.

1. Every citizen is equal in the eye of law. No one can be deprived of the right of protection from law. Nobody Is greater or smaller on the basis of caste, creed, religion, sex or age. The old caste system has been abolished.

2.  Laws cannot make any distinction on the ground of religion, sex caste or faith of the citizen. However, special legislation can be made for the protection and development of the females, children, old special class of people or physically or mentally weak persons.

3.  In the olden times there was a system of untouched ability. Certain castes were called untouchable. They were not allowed to enter a temple. The people of so-called higher castes did not have food or drink water touched by an untouchable person. Our constitution has done away with this system. No citizens of Nepal are untouchable in this country. Public places like parks, temples, hotels are accessible to all the citizens of Nepal. If somebody disobeys this law, they will be punishable by law.

4. There was discrimination between male and female on the matter of wages. Usually women and children were given less wages. The right to equality has declared it unconstitutional. Now no such discrimination can be made. Male and female have the right to get equal wages for the same work.

If a citizen is deprived of the fundamental rights he can go to the court of justice. The court will give him protection. There are three levels of the court of justice in our country. They are District court, Appellate Court and Supermen Court. Each of the seventy- five districts of Nepal has a district court. If the decision given by the district court seems to anybody unjust, they can go to the Appellate Court. If the judgment still fails to satisfy them, they can go to supermen Court. Its decision is final.